An assessment of regional economic disparities’ consequences in Nigeria: Evidence from comparisons between Northern and Southern states
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Background of the Study :
Regional economic disparities in Nigeria manifest as significant differences in income, infrastructure, and living standards between the Northern and Southern states. From 2000 to 2020, various government policies have attempted to address these imbalances; however, persistent disparities remain a major challenge for national cohesion and sustainable growth (Oluwaseun, 2023). Southern states often exhibit higher levels of industrialization, better infrastructure, and more diversified economies compared to their Northern counterparts. Empirical research indicates that these disparities contribute to unequal access to opportunities, increased migration, and social tension (Chinwe, 2024). This study examines the consequences of regional economic disparities by comparing key economic indicators such as GDP per capita, employment rates, and infrastructure development between the Northern and Southern states. It also explores the socio-political impacts of these imbalances on national unity and development. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of regional disparities and to offer policy recommendations aimed at promoting more balanced regional development (Adeniyi, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Persistent regional economic disparities between Northern and Southern Nigeria continue to hinder national development. The uneven distribution of resources and opportunities has led to social and economic tensions, exacerbating poverty in the North while the South experiences relatively higher growth (Oluwaseun, 2023). This study aims to investigate the consequences of these disparities, focusing on how they affect overall economic growth, social stability, and national cohesion. Identifying the underlying factors and their impacts is crucial for designing targeted policies to bridge the gap and promote equitable development across the country.
Objectives of the Study:
1. To compare economic performance between Northern and Southern states.
2. To assess the socio-economic consequences of regional disparities.
3. To recommend policies for balanced regional development.
Research Questions:
1. What are the key differences in economic indicators between the regions?
2. How do regional disparities affect social and economic stability?
3. What policies can reduce regional imbalances?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Regional disparities significantly hinder national economic growth.
2. Uneven resource distribution exacerbates social tensions.
3. Targeted regional policies can reduce economic disparities.
Significance of the Study (100 words):
This study is significant as it evaluates the consequences of regional economic disparities in Nigeria, providing insights for policymakers to promote balanced development. Its findings will help in designing interventions that bridge the gap between Northern and Southern states, fostering national cohesion and sustainable growth (Oluwaseun, 2023).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study focuses on comparing economic and social indicators between selected Northern and Southern states from 2000 to 2020. It does not cover every state or non-economic factors.
Definitions of Terms:
1. Regional Economic Disparities: Differences in economic performance between regions.
2. GDP per Capita: A measure of economic output per person.
3. Balanced Development: Equitable distribution of economic opportunities across regions.
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